Chemical profiling and chemometric analysis of Indonesian Propolis

Propolis is a natural resin substance collected by honeybees. The chemical compounds from propolis depend on diverse plant sources and region. Based on previous research, overall, it is known that there are more than three hundred types of chemical compounds contained in propolis. The most common types of chemical compounds contained in propolis are polyphenols and flavonoids. This study is aimed at identifying the presence of marker compounds in Indonesian propolis and seeing whether there are groupings of Indonesian propolis types. In this study, the total polyphenol (TPC) and the total flavonoid content (TFC) was measured, also identifications and the mapping of chemical compounds contained in Indonesian propolis was done. Chemical compounds identifications were carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Chemical compounds mapping was done by discriminant analysis method using TQ Analyst from FTIR results and the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method using XLSTAT from the results of the LC-MS/MS. The results of this study were the discovery of 15 potential marker compounds from Indonesian propolis and the grouping of Indonesian propolis from the mapping of chemical compounds.